International Protection refers to the recognition by an EU Member State of a non-EU national or a stateless person as a refugee or as a person eligible for subsidiary protection.

This status grants certain rights and protections under Irish and EU law, ensuring that individuals fleeing persecution or serious harm receive legal protection.

Legal Framework: The International Protection Act 2015

The International Protection Act 2015 governs the process through which asylum seekers in Ireland can apply for protection.

This legislation outlines two main types of protection:

Refugee Status

Refugee status is granted to individuals who face persecution in their home country based on:

• Race
• Religion
• Nationality
• Political opinion
• Membership of a particular social group

Subsidiary Protection

Subsidiary protection is available to individuals who do not qualify as refugees but would face serious harm if returned to their home country. Serious harm may include:

• The death penalty or execution
• Torture or inhumane treatment
• A serious threat to life due to armed conflict

Application Process

The process of applying for international protection in Ireland follows a structured legal framework.

Consideration of Applications

Under Section 34 of the International Protection Act 2015, applications are assessed by an International Protection Officer. The officer must examine each case and recommend one of the following:

1. Refugee Declaration – If the applicant meets the criteria for refugee status.
2. Subsidiary Protection Declaration – If the applicant does not qualify as a refugee but requires protection due to serious risk in their home country.
3. Neither Refugee Nor Subsidiary Protection Declaration – If the applicant does not meet the legal requirements for international protection.